Aluminium hydroxide is a compound that is commonly used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, sour stomach, and acid indigestion. It works by neutralizing the excess acid in the stomach and reducing the symptoms associated with these conditions. Aluminium hydroxide is a basic compound, and it acts by raising the pH of the stomach, reducing the amount of acid that is produced.

Aluminium hydroxide is an inorganic salt that is typically used in combination with other antacids, such as magnesium hydroxide, to provide a more balanced and effective treatment for symptoms of acid indigestion. It is also used as an adjuvant in vaccines to stimulate an immune response. Additionally, aluminium hydroxide has several other industrial, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications.

Usage

As an antacid, aluminium hydroxide is most commonly used to relieve symptoms of heartburn, indigestion, and acid reflux. It works by neutralizing stomach acid and reducing the acidity of the stomach contents, which in turn reduces the symptoms associated with these conditions.

Aluminium hydroxide is also used in some kidney diseases to reduce high levels of phosphate in the blood. It can help prevent or manage conditions like hyperphosphatemia, which can occur in people with chronic kidney disease.

In addition to being used as an antacid, aluminium hydroxide is also used as a fire retardant filler in polymer applications. It is also used in the production of aluminium metal, ceramics, and glass.

Dosage

The dosage of aluminium hydroxide as an antacid can vary depending on the severity of the symptoms and the individual's medical history. It is important to follow the dosing instructions recommended by your healthcare provider or the instructions on the product label.

As an example, for adults, the usual recommended dose of aluminium hydroxide is 5 to 10 milliliters (mL) taken orally between meals and at bedtime, as needed. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 80 mL per day. For children, dosing is based on body weight and should be determined by a healthcare provider.

Side effects

Some side effects of aluminium hydroxide use as an antacid can include constipation, loss of appetite, stomach pain, rebound hyperacidity, and low blood phosphate levels. In rare cases, it has been associated with seizures, osteomalacia, and encephalopathy.

Precaution

One precaution with the use of aluminium hydroxide as an antacid is that it can interact with certain medications. It's important to inform your healthcare provider of any other medication you are taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements. Additionally, individuals with certain medical conditions, such as kidney disease, may be at an increased risk for side effects from aluminium hydroxide and should use it with caution or avoid it altogether.

Another precaution with the use of aluminum hydroxide relates to its potential to cause constipation, so it should be used with caution in individuals with a history of constipation. It is also important to follow the dosing instructions recommended by your healthcare provider or the instructions on the product label and not exceed the maximum dose.

Overdose

Aluminum hydroxide overdose can lead to severe constipation, weight loss, confusion, mood changes, or even urinating less than usual or not at all. In some cases, it can also cause seizures, osteomalacia, and encephalopathy.

If you suspect an overdose with aluminum hydroxide, it is important to seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center. They can provide guidance on what to do, and may recommend certain treatments or interventions to manage the overdose and prevent any potential complications. Additionally, it's important to follow the dosing instructions recommended by your healthcare provider or the instructions on the product label to avoid overdosing.

Interactions

There are 234 drugs known to interact with aluminium hydroxide, along with 1 disease interaction, and 1 alcohol/food interaction. Some medications that may interact with aluminium hydroxide include certain antibiotics, antipsychotics, blood thinners, and heart medications.

It's important to inform your healthcare provider of any other medication you are taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements, before taking aluminium hydroxide. They can then determine if there are any potential interactions and adjust your treatment plan accordingly to avoid any potential adverse reactions.

Mechanisms

The mechanism of action of aluminium hydroxide as an antacid relates to its ability to neutralize excess stomach acid. When taken orally, aluminium hydroxide dissociates in the stomach to form Al3+ and OH- ions, which combine with hydrogen ions (H+) in the stomach acid to form water and reduce the acidity of the stomach.

The freed hydroxide groups of aluminium hydroxide can also bind to free hydrogen ions through chelation, which further reduces the acidity of the stomach. This process results in the formation of aluminum chloride and water. By reducing the acidity of the stomach, aluminium hydroxide can help relieve symptoms of acid reflux, heartburn, and upset stomach.

Disclaimer

It is important to talk to a healthcare provider or pharmacist about all medications and supplements being taken, to determine whether any interactions may occur. They can advise on the appropriate use and dosage of aspirin to avoid any potential drug interactions.